一、用Centos鏡像搭建本地yum源
由于安裝centos后的默認yum源為centos的官方地址，所以在國內使用很慢甚至無法訪問，所以一般的做法都是把默認的yum源替換成aliyun的yum源或者163等國內的yum源(下文介紹如何配置)。
但是以上的方法都是需要網絡的，當沒有網絡的時候就無法使用了，所以還有一個常用的方法就是用Centos的iso鏡像搭建本地yum源，這樣安裝軟件的速度就會飛快，缺點是可能有些包沒有。
1.安裝Centos后默認的yum源如下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
[root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.在虛擬機上掛載CentOS鏡像文件
[root@kangvcar ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /opt/centos
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
4.編寫repo文件并指向鏡像的掛載目錄
[root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///opt/centos
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
5.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: local
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把yum源緩存到本地，加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //列出了3780個包
二、把默認的CentOS yum源修改成國內的aliyun yum源
阿里云官方教程：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos
1.安裝Centos后默認的yum源如下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
[root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.下載aliyun yum源repo文件(對應自己的系統版本下載即可)
#各系統版本repo文件對應的下載操作
CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系統的版本
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2017-06-20 06:43:08-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.124.140.210, 115.28.122.210
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.124.140.210|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo'
100%[=======================================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-06-20 06:43:08 (118 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo' saved [2573/2573]
4.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把yum源緩存到本地，加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //總共列出了9954個包
三、把默認的CentOS yum源修改成國內的163源
163官方教程：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html
1.安裝Centos后默認的yum源如下
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.把默認yum源備份(可選)
[root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak
[root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/
3.下載163 yum源repo文件
#各系統版本repo文件對應的下載操作
CentOS 5
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
CentOS 6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
CentOS 7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系統的版本
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
--2017-06-20 06:29:47-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186
Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo'
100%[=======================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-06-20 06:29:47 (293 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo' saved [1572/1572]
4.清除緩存
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把yum源緩存到本地，加快軟件的搜索好安裝速度
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //總共列出了9951個包
四、修改yum源的優先級
ps:當既有本地yum源又有163源的時候，我們在裝軟件包的時候當然希望先用本地的yum源去安裝，本地找不到可用的包時再使用163源去安裝軟件,這里就涉及到了優先級的問題，yum提供的插件yum-plugin-priorities.noarch可以解決這個問題
1.查看系統是否安裝了優先級的插件
[root@kangvcar ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum-plugin-
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
//這里看到沒有安裝yum-plugin-priorities.noarch這個插件
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum search yum-plugin-priorities
//用search查看是否有此插件可用
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
====================================================== N/S matched: yum-plugin-priorities =======================================================
yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos
2.安裝yum-plugin-priorities.noarch插件
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities.noarch
3.查看插件是否啟用
[root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf
[main]
enabled = 1
//1為啟用；0為禁用
4.修改本地yum源優先使用
[root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2573 May 15 2015 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Jun 20 06:04 local.repo
//有兩個repo文件
[root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///opt/centos
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1
//在原基礎上加入priority=1 ；數字越小優先級越高
//可以繼續修改其他源的priority值，經測試僅配置本地源的優先級為priority=1就會優先使用本地源了
5.測試
配置優先級前：(使用阿里云yum源)
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M
Updating for dependencies:
vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 5.9 M
省略···
配置優先級后：(使用本地yum源)
[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 local 1.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 local 32 k
perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-286.el7 local 8.0 M
perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 local 19 k
perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 local 1.5 M
perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 local 28 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 local 26 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 local 56 k
省略···
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