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詳解如何通過tomcat的ManagerServlet遠程部署項目

介紹

之前在郵政實習時，leader讓我閱讀tomcat的源代碼，嘗試自己實現遠程部署項目的功能，于是便有了這此實踐。
在Tomact中有一個Manager應用程序，它是用來管理已經部署的web應用程序，在這個應用程序中，ManagerServlet是他的主servlet，通過它我們可以獲取tomcat的部分指標，遠程管理web應用程序，不過這個功能會受到web應用程序部署中安全約束的保護。

當你請求ManagerServlet時，它會檢查getPathInfo()返回的值以及相關的查詢參數，以確定被請求的操作。它支持以下操作和參數(從servlet路徑開始):

請求路徑	描述
/deploy?config={config-url}	根據指定的path部署并啟動一個新的web應用程序(詳見源碼)
/deploy?config={config-url}&war={war-url}/	根據指定的pat部署并啟動一個新的web應用程序(詳見源碼)
/deploy?path=/xxx&war={war-url}	根據指定的path部署并啟動一個新的web應用程序(詳見源碼)
/list	列出所有web應用程序的上下文路徑。格式為path:status:sessions(活動會話數)
/reload?path=/xxx	根據指定path重新加載web應用
/resources?type=xxxx	枚舉可用的全局JNDI資源，可以限制指定的java類名
/serverinfo	顯示系統信息和JVM信息
/sessions	~~此方法已過期~~
/expire?path=/xxx	列出path路徑下的web應用的session空閑時間信息
/expire?path=/xxx&idle=mm	Expire sessions for the context path /xxx which were idle for at least mm minutes.
/sslConnectorCiphers	顯示當前connector配置的SSL/TLS密碼的診斷信息
/start?path=/xx	根據指定path啟動web應用程序
/stop?path=/xxx	根據指定path關閉web應用程序
/threaddump	Write a JVM thread dump
/undeploy?path=/xxx	關閉并刪除指定path的Web應用程序，然后刪除底層WAR文件或文檔基目錄。

我們可以通過ManagerServlet中getPathInfo()提供的操作，將自己的項目遠程部署到服務器上，下面將貼出我的實踐代碼，在實踐它之前你只需要引入httpclient包和commons包。

封裝統一的遠程請求管理類

封裝此類用于方便client請求ManagerServlet：

import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.Credentials;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.AuthCache;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext;
import org.apache.http.impl.auth.BasicScheme;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicAuthCache;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;

public class TomcatManager {
  private static final String MANAGER_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
  private String username;
  private URL url;
  private String password;
  private String charset;
  private boolean verbose;
  private DefaultHttpClient httpClient;
  private BasicHttpContext localContext;

  /** constructor */
  public TomcatManager(URL url, String username) {
    this(url, username, "");
  }
  public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password) {
    this(url, username, password, "ISO-8859-1");
  }
  public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password, String charset) {
    this(url, username, password, charset, true);
  }
  public TomcatManager(URL url, String username, String password, String charset, boolean verbose) {
    this.url = url;
    this.username = username;
    this.password = password;
    this.charset = charset;
    this.verbose = verbose;
    
    // 創建網絡請求相關的配置
    PoolingClientConnectionManager poolingClientConnectionManager = new PoolingClientConnectionManager();
    poolingClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(5);
    this.httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(poolingClientConnectionManager);

    if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(username)) {
      Credentials creds = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password);

      String host = url.getHost();
      int port = url.getPort() > -1 ? url.getPort() : AuthScope.ANY_PORT;
      httpClient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(new AuthScope(host, port), creds);

      AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
      BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
      HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost(url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getProtocol());
      authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);

      localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
      localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.AUTH_CACHE, authCache);
    }
  }

  /** 根據指定的path部署并啟動一個新的應用程序 */
  public TomcatManagerResponse deploy(String path, File war, boolean update) throws Exception {
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("/deploy");
    buffer.append("?path=").append(URLEncoder.encode(path, charset));
    if (war != null) {
      buffer.append("&war=").append(URLEncoder.encode(war.toString(), charset));
    }
    if (update) {
      buffer.append("&update=true");
    }
    return invoke(buffer.toString());
  }

  /** 獲取所有已部署的web應用程序的上下文路徑。格式為path:status:sessions(活動會話數) */
  public TomcatManagerResponse list() throws Exception {
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("/list");
    return invoke(buffer.toString());
  }

  /** 獲取系統信息和JVM信息 */
  public TomcatManagerResponse serverinfo() throws Exception {
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder("/serverinfo");
    return invoke(buffer.toString());
  }

  /** 真正發送請求的方法 */
  private TomcatManagerResponse invoke(String path) throws Exception {
    HttpRequestBase httpRequestBase = new HttpGet(url + path);
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpRequestBase, localContext);

    int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
    switch (statusCode) {
      case HttpStatus.SC_OK: // 200
      case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED: // 201
      case HttpStatus.SC_ACCEPTED: // 202
        break;
      case HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY: // 301
      case HttpStatus.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY: // 302
      case HttpStatus.SC_SEE_OTHER: // 303
      String redirectUrl = getRedirectUrl(response);
      this.url = new URL(redirectUrl);
      return invoke(path);
    }

    return new TomcatManagerResponse().setStatusCode(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode())
        .setReasonPhrase(response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase())
        .setHttpResponseBody(IOUtils.toString(response.getEntity().getContent()));
  }
  
  /** 提取重定向URL */
  protected String getRedirectUrl(HttpResponse response) {
    Header locationHeader = response.getFirstHeader("Location");
    String locationField = locationHeader.getValue();
    // is it a relative Location or a full ?
    return locationField.startsWith("http") ? locationField : url.toString() + '/' + locationField;
  }
}

封裝響應結果集

@Data
public class TomcatManagerResponse {
  private int statusCode;
  private String reasonPhrase;
  private String httpResponseBody;
}

測試遠程部署

在測試之前請先在配置文件放通下面用戶權限：

<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<user username="sqdyy" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-script,admin-gui"/>

下面是測試成功遠程部署war包的代碼：

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertEquals;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class TestTomcatManager {

  @Test
  public void testDeploy() throws Exception {
    TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL("http://localhost:8080/manager/text"), "sqdyy", "123456");
    File war = new File("E:\\tomcat\\simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war");
    TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.deploy("/simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT", war, true);
    System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody());
    assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
    
    // output:
    // OK - Deployed application at context path /simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT
  }

  @Test
  public void testList() throws Exception {
    TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL("http://localhost:8080/manager/text"), "sqdyy", "123456");
    TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.list();
    System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody());
    assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
    
    // output:
    // OK - Listed applications for virtual host localhost
    // /:running:0:ROOT
    // /simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT:running:0:simple-war-project-1.0-SNAPSHOT
    // /examples:running:0:examples
    // /host-manager:running:0:host-manager
    // /manager:running:0:manager
    // /docs:running:0:docs
  }

  @Test
  public void testServerinfo() throws Exception {
    TomcatManager tm = new TomcatManager(new URL("http://localhost:8080/manager/text"), "sqdyy", "123456");
    TomcatManagerResponse response = tm.serverinfo();
    System.out.println(response.getHttpResponseBody());
    assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
    
    // output:
    // OK - Server info
    // Tomcat Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.82
    // OS Name: Windows 10
    // OS Version: 10.0
    // OS Architecture: amd64
    // JVM Version: 1.8.0_144-b01
    // JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
  }
}

參考資料

ManagerServlet 源碼地址

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