擴展磁盤空間
硬盤空間為20G，使用vSphere Client增加磁盤大小，需要再增加10G空間;
擴展完后，重啟系統，再次使用fdisk -l查看，會發現硬盤空間變大了；
[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1497 2611 8952832 83 Linux
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 ext4 9.7G 1.5G 7.7G 16% /
tmpfs tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sda4 ext4 8.5G 148M 7.9G 2% /data
重新創建分區，調整分區信息
本次實驗主要對/dev/sda4這個分區擴展，如果是生產環境，請提前做好備份保存到其他分區，雖然擴展分區大小不會導致數據丟失，安全起見，請提前做好備份；
首先模擬出一些數據：
[root@linuxprobe data]# mkdir test
[root@linuxprobe data]# echo "we are Linuxer" > linuxprobe
[root@linuxprobe data]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15 May 23 21:59 linuxprobe
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 May 23 15:07 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 23 21:51 test
[root@linuxprobe ~]# umount /dev/sda4 #卸載磁盤分區
若提示磁盤忙，使用fuser找出將正在使用磁盤的程序并結束掉；
fuser -m -v /data
fuser -m -v -i -k /data
使用fdisk工具先刪除/dev/sda4分區，然后創建新分區，注意開始的磁柱號要和原來的一致（是保證數據不丟失的關鍵步驟），結束的磁柱號默認回車使用全部磁盤。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p #查看分區表信息Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1497 2611 8952832 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d #刪除分區Partition number (1-4): 4 #刪除第四個Command (m for help): p #再次查看分區信息，/dev/sda4已被刪除Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n #創建新的分區Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p #創建為主分區
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1497-3916, default 1497): #經對比，正好和上一個磁盤柱一致，默認即可Using default value 1497
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1497-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916 #直接默認就可以Command (m for help): p #查看分區表信息Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005210c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1301 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1301 1497 1572864 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1497 3916 19436582 83 Linux
Command (m for help): wp #保存并退出，如果創建有誤，直接退出不要保存即可The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
重新創建分區后，需要重啟一下；
[root@linuxprobe ~]# init 6
[root@linuxprobe ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/sda4 #檢查分區信息[root@linuxprobe ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/sda4 #調整分區大小
重新掛載、查看分區大小、數據
[root@linuxprobe ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /data
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -hT
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /data/linuxprobe
we are Linuxer
